Designing correctional facilities and forensic psychiatry centers

Correctional facilities and forensic psychiatry centers are key elements of the public security infrastructure. While both primarily serve to protect society from further felonies, their focuses differ. Correctional facilities house inmates, whereas forensic psychiatry centers provide care for patients, whose offenses are often linked to mental illness, addiction, or developmental disorders.

Interdisciplinary expertise for the highest planning standards
The design of correctional facilities and forensic psychiatry centers requires a delicate balance between security, rehabilitation, and humane conditions. Strict legal requirements and escape prevention must be considered, alongside suicide prevention and protection against drugs and dangerous objects. Architects, structural engineers, and specialists collaborate closely to develop secure and functional structures that are complemented by state-of-the-art surveillance and security systems.

Between future-proof operations and maximum security
A clearly structured layout supports operational efficiency. Robust construction materials, camera surveillance, and advanced security systems help to prevent escapes and dangerous incidents. At the same time, architectural design must uphold human dignity. Natural light, carefully considered proportions, and welcoming communal spaces enhance orientation and psychological well-being. In forensic psychiatry, the strategic use of colors can support healing processes and minimize relapse rates.

Flexibility in design plays an essential role in adapting these facilities in line with technological advancements, societal changes, and evolving security requirements. Modular and versatile planning concepts ensure future viability, particularly in long-term public-sector projects. This enables spaces and infrastructure to be modified, expanded, or restructured as needed without compromising security or functionality.

Key planning requirements for correctional facilities and forensic psychiatry centers:

1. Security
   Security measures in these facilities concern both structural and organizational aspects. The overall layout is designed to prevent escapes and the smuggling of prohibited items such as weapons or drugs. Clearly defined access routes for staff, visitors, and inmates/patients ensure seamless operations without intersections.

   Access for inmates and patients is designed to balance security with rehabilitation. Staggered access controls regulate entry to cells, therapy rooms, and recreational areas, while sensitive zones remain strictly protected. Security features such as secure corridors and surveillance systems provide controlled oversight and mobility.

   Cells are planned to be both secure and humane. A modern surveillance infrastructure –comprising video monitoring, alarm systems, and continuously staffed security centers – ensures control across the entire facility. Additionally, buildings are equipped for emergency scenarios, including escapes, riots, or fires, with emergency exits, alarm systems, and dedicated crisis zones.
   

2. Resocialization and detention conditions
   Promoting resocialization is a central aspect of the design. Education and employment programs, as well as psychotherapy, are supported by specifically designed workshops and therapy spaces. Recreational and sports facilities, complemented by secure outdoor areas, promote the mental and physical health of inmates and patients. Visitor areas integrate security measures while fostering a respectful atmosphere through designated zones for contact and non-contact visits, as well as safe spaces for conversations.
   

3. The well-being of building users
   The design considers the needs of all users. Functional, well-separated areas – such as offices, break rooms, and changing facilities – ensure the safety and comfort of staff. Modern IT and communication systems in surveillance rooms enable efficient monitoring and coordination. For inmates and patients, the focus is on the creation of health-promoting living conditions. Adequate natural light, proper ventilation, and spacious communal areas support both physical and psychological well-being. Continuous medical care, including mental health treatment, must be ensured through dedicated healthcare facilities.
   

4. Structural, technical, and urban planning considerations
   Modern correctional facilities and forensic psychiatry centers require durable, high-performance materials that withstand wear-and-tear and potential attacks while complying with fire safety, acoustic, and hygiene regulations. Energy efficiency and sustainability play a crucial role in minimizing resource consumption. Integration into the urban fabric is another essential factor. Facilities should blend harmoniously into their surroundings without fostering isolation or stigmatization. Particularly in forensic psychiatry, avoiding a fortress-like appearance is key to ensuring acceptance within the urban context.

Future prospects
Digitization will significantly reshape the requirements for correctional facilities and forensic psychiatry centers. Potential developments, such as internet access in cells or rooms, could support education and rehabilitation programs but also present new challenges in the areas of data security and cybersecurity. Additionally, technologies to counter drone threats will become increasingly relevant as drones are used for assisting escape or smuggling contraband. Future-proof planning requires continuous development that balances security, efficiency, and rehabilitation – and ultimately offers inmates and patients a better chance at reintegration into society.